In today’s mechanical engineering field, anti-wear properties are one of the main factors to ensure long-term and efficient equipment operation.
In order to extend the life of mechanical components and reduce friction losses, scientists and engineers are always looking for new ways to improve the performance of lubricants. In this context, the additives ZnO (zinc oxide) and MoS2 (molybdenum disulfide) nanoparticles have become the best choice. These two nanomaterials have attracted much attention due to their unique properties. They can be added to diesel-based nanolubrication. Oil, significantly improving its anti-wear properties.
In this resaerch, we will conduct an in-depth analysis of the impact of ZnO and MoS2 nanoparticles on the anti-wear properties of diesel-based nanolubricants and study their potential concepts in improving the life and performance of mechanical equipment.
Research results show that the addition of ZnO and MoS2 improves the anti-wear properties of lubricating oil, and the wear degree of mechanical parts is significantly reduced.
Dispersion stability of MoS2 and ZnO nanoparticles
In order to ensure that the nanoparticles were evenly dispersed in diesel and maintained good stability, we placed the prepared nanolubricant in an ultrasonic bath at 25°C for 45 minutes. For the MoS2 nanolubricant, we can clearly see that after being treated at room temperature for 12 hours, 1 day, and 2 days, the nanolubricant maintains good dispersion stability for up to 1 day without precipitation.
However, as time went by, especially after 1 day, we began to observe signs of precipitation. For ZnO nanolubricants according to our research results, ZnO nanolubricants showed good stability after 1 day, 5 days and 6 days.
By comparing the results produced by the two, we concluded that the stability of ZnO nanoparticles is significantly better than that of MoS2 nanoparticles. In other words, ZnO nanolubricant has high dispersion and stability in diesel, providing a feasible option to improve the performance of lubricating oil further.
The prepared nano lubricant needs to be quality controlled, including measuring parameters such as particle size distribution, concentration, viscosity, etc. This way, multiple steps can be taken to ensure the performance meets expectations.
After the lubricating oil is prepared, performance tests, such as friction coefficient testing and anti-wear performance testing, are usually required to evaluate the effect of nano-lubricating oil in practical applications. In this study, we mainly tested the anti-wear performance.
Flash point and pour point of diesel-based nanolubricants
The flash point is the lowest temperature at which oil converts sufficiently into vapor to form a flammable mixture with air, while the pour point is the lowest temperature at which oil can flow in this state. The study found that the flash point of diesel-based nanolubricants increased after adding ZnO and MoS2 nanoparticles.
The flash point of ZnO nanolubricant increased by 5.04%, while that of MoS2 nanolubricant increased by 5.88%.
This means that the upper limit of the operating temperature of ZnO nanolubricant is higher than that of MoS2 nanolubricant.
In addition, the addition of nanolubricants can also improve the flame retardant properties of lubricants because nanoparticles have stronger thermal conductivity and can increase the flash point of lubricants. In short, adding nano-lubricant can increase the flash point and pour point of lubricating oil, thereby improving the safety performance of mechanical equipment.
Tribological test results of pin-on-disk tribometer
A pin-on-disk tribometer is an experimental instrument used to measure the friction and wear behavior between materials. In this study, we used a pin-on-disk tribometer to conduct tribological tests, mainly to evaluate the performance of lubricating oil after adding ZnO and MoS2 nanoparticles.
Through tribological tests, we found that MoS2 nanoparticles have better performance in reducing friction than ZnO nanoparticles. The friction coefficient of MoS2 nanolubricant decreases with the increase of nanoparticle concentration.
The friction coefficient of ZnO nanolubricant shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing after the content of ZnO nanoparticles increases. Additionally, we observed that ZnO nanoparticles aggregate at high concentrations, affecting their effective and correct functionality.
By comparing different nanolubricants, we can conclude that ZnO nanolubricants have better stability and dispersion, which are crucial to improving the performance of lubricants.
Nanolubricants suppress Nox emissions in diesel engines
NOx is a harmful gas in the atmosphere, leading to serious environmental and human health harm.
Reducing NOx emissions from diesel engines is one of the urgent tasks for environmental protection and climate change prevention and control today. The application of nanolubricants in diesel engines can significantly reduce NOx emissions.
Specifically, nanoparticles can improve the combustion process and increase combustion efficiency, optimize fuel atomization and mixing to reduce high-temperature combustion areas, control temperature to reduce the generation of NOx under high-temperature conditions; promote exhaust gas recirculation, dilute oxygen, and enhance environmental protection.
In summary, the application of nanolubricants in diesel engines is of great significance for reducing NOx emissions.
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